'The Valley of the Shadow of Death' by James Gillray, published 24 September 1808

This print was intended to show the success of the Spanish insurrection against the French, and the awakening of European resistance. Napoleon is encircled by the British lion, the Sicilian terrier, the Portuguese wolf, a Russian bear, and Death mounted on a horse of the 'true Royal Spanish breed'. Dutch frogs and the Rhenish Confederation of starved rats crawl out of the Lethean Ditch alongside an American rattlesnake and a Prussian scare crow trying to fly. Joseph, King of Spain, drowns in the Styx. A meteor in the form of a papal crown, the crescent Turkish moon, the spirit of Charles XII and the two-headed eagle of the Austrian Empire also signify forces arrayed against Bonaparte.